![]() Classes included field trips to local museums and galleries, hands-on workshops at a traditional paper mill (washi) in Tokyo, and interactions with local visiting artists, master printmakers and other Japanese students. This method deeply influenced some late 19th-century Post-Impressionist artists, such as Van Gogh, Toulouse Lautrec, Edgar Degas and Edouard Manet.Īt Tokyo National University of the Arts, students studied the treasured historical skills and tools of Moku Hanga with greater understanding and appreciation. While in the Western tradition, oil-based ink is applied with a roller and printed onto the papers surface, often with the help of a press, in the Japanese tradition water-based ink is applied with a brush and, while being printed by hand, is pressed deeply into the absorbent Japanese paper. This is partly because washi was the only type of paper available at that time in Japan, but also because the unique characteristics of washi made it a better material.In Summer 2018 Professor Jimin Lee took a group of UCSC Art students to Japan to learn Japanese woodblock printmaking "Moku Hanga" known as the "Ukiyo-e technique" widely studied by artists today. Until the early 20th century, the Japanese used washi in applications where Western style paper or other materials are currently used. It was used to print paper money in Meiji period. ![]() Mitsumatagami (三椏紙) – Mitsumatagami has an ivory-colored, fine surface and is used for shodō as well as printing.It has a toughness closer to cloth than to ordinary paper and does not weaken significantly when treated to be water-resistant. Kōzogami (楮紙) – Kōzogami is made from paper mulberry and is the most widely made type of washi.Ganpishi has a smooth, shiny surface and is used for books and crafts. Ganpishi (雁皮(0-0)紙) – In ancient times, it was called Hishi (斐紙).Gampi, mitsumata, and paper mulberry are three popular sources. With enough processing, almost any grass or tree can be made into a washi. ![]() Nagashi-zuki (which uses neri in the vat) produces a thinner paper, while tame-zuki (which does not use neri) produces a thicker paper. In both methods, pulp is scooped onto a screen and shaken to spread the fibers evenly. One of two traditional methods of paper making (nagashi-zuki or tame-zuki) is employed. This is traditionally neri, which is a mucilaginous material made from the roots of the tororo aoi plant, or PEO, polyethylene oxide. Wet balls of pulp are mixed in a vat with water and a formation aid to help keep the long fibers spread evenly. The product is laid on a rock or board and beaten. The fibers are then bleached (either with chemicals or naturally, by placing it in a protected area of a stream) and any remaining impurities in the fibers are picked out by hand. The fibers are then boiled with lye to remove the starch, fat and tannin, and then placed in running water to remove the spent lye. The mulberry branches are boiled and stripped of their outer bark, and then dried. Paper mulberry is the most commonly used fiber in making Japanese paper. It is traditionally the winter work of farmers, a task that supplemented a farmer's income. Cold also makes the fibres contract, producing a crisp feel to the paper. Cold inhibits bacteria, preventing the decomposition of the fibres. It involves a long and intricate process that is often undertaken in the cold weather of winter, as pure, cold running water is essential to the production of washi. Washi is produced in a way similar to that of ordinary paper, but relies heavily on manual methods. Several kinds of washi, referred to collectively as Japanese tissue, are used in the conservation and mending of books. It was even used to make wreaths that were given to winners in the 1998 Winter Paralympics. Washi was also used to make various everyday goods like clothes, household goods, and toys, as well as vestments and ritual objects for Shinto priests and statues of Buddha. ![]() Origami, Shodo, and Ukiyo-e were all produced using washi. Washi is generally tougher than ordinary paper made from wood pulp, and is used in many traditional arts. As a Japanese craft, it is registered as a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage. Washi is made using fibers from the inner bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub ( Edgeworthia chrysantha), or the paper mulberry ( kōzo) bush. The term is used to describe paper that uses local fiber, processed by hand and made in the traditional manner. The word "washi" comes from Wa meaning 'Japanese' and shi meaning 'paper'. Washi (和紙) is traditional Japanese paper.
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